《论中国》 | 坚持和完善“一国两制” 保持香港长期繁荣稳定

编者按：《论中国(China Talk)》为国内外各界人士提供了一个面向全球的演讲平台，分享他们的中国故事和对中国各领域的深入观察。2022年是香港回归祖国25周年。香港特别行政区第五任行政长官林郑月娥结合任职期间的亲身经历指出，“一国两制”是香港保持长期繁荣稳定的最佳制度安排。全面准确、坚定不移贯彻“一国两制”能够为香港带来重大发展机遇，也能够让香港在未来发挥出更加重要和独特的作用。内容仅代表作者的观点，而非本台观点。

Editor's Note: China Talk is a global platform where policy makers, business leaders, specialists and scholars, as well as celebrities share their China story and their perspectives on China's development. After 25 years return to the motherland, for Hong Kong to remain prosperous and stable, why is “One Country, Two Systems” the best institutional arrangement? What significant opportunities would Hong Kong benefit from “One Country, Two Systems?” Carrie Lam, the fifth-term Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, shares her experiences and insights. The article reflects the author's opinions and not necessarily those of CGTN.

Hello and welcome to China Talk. I'm Carrie Lam.

大家好，欢迎收看《论中国》，我是林郑月娥。

Hong Kong celebrates the 25th anniversary of its return to the motherland this year. In the past 25 years, the Communist Party of China (CPC) held a total of five National Congresses. In my opinion, no Party National Congress is more relevant and important to the future development of Hong Kong than the 20th Congress. As our motherland embarks on a new journey to build China into a great modern socialist country in all respects, Hong Kong, a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China, will benefit from unparalleled opportunities under the firm guidance of the "One Country, Two Systems" policy.

今年是香港回归祖国25周年。25年来，中国共产党一共召开了五次全国代表大会。在我看来，中共二十大对香港未来发展的重要意义超过历次中共全国代表大会。随着祖国开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程，香港作为中华人民共和国的特别行政区，将在“一国两制”方针坚定指引下获得前所未有的重大机遇。

First of all, in summarizing the work of the past five years in a report delivered on behalf of the 19th Central Committee of CPC to the National Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping highlighted, amongst other things, the great achievement in restoring order and stability in Hong Kong amidst unprecedented chaos and turbulent developments. The Law on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region was enacted and put into effect in June 2020, followed by improvements to the electoral system in 2021 which ensure that Hong Kong is administered by patriots. These decisive and integrated moves have effectively addressed the problems which had been accumulated for years in Hong Kong since its reunification as highlighted also in Xi's report — that the institutions and mechanisms for fully and accurately implementing the "One Country, Two Systems" policy were not well-developed and as a result, this could pose grave challenges to China's national security. The year-long riots besieging Hong Kong, instigated by anti-China forces inside and outside Hong Kong and threatening people's safety are a reflection of the gravity of such risks. As the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region leading Hong Kong during those turbulent times, I experienced first-hand the unwavering commitment of the Central Government to the "One Country, Two Systems" policy and its acting in strict accordance with the Constitution of the People's Republic of China and the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in tackling the problem. I had the opportunity of appreciating CPC's strong sense of self-confidence in the institutional strengths of China's governance and the strategic perspective over issues concerning Hong Kong adopted by the Central Authorities.

首先，在代表中国共产党第十九届中央委员会向中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会所作的报告中，总结过去五年工作，在众多事项里，习近平总书记强调了香港局势实现由乱到治的重大转折。《香港特别行政区维护国家安全法》于2020年6月颁布实施；2021年香港特别行政区选举制度得到完善，落实“爱国者治港”原则。这些果断出台的一揽子措施，有效地解决了香港自回归以来的陈年积弊。正如习总书记在报告中强调的那样，落实“一国两制”的体制机制不健全致使国家安全受到严峻挑战，由境内外反华势力挑起的香港乱局长达一年之久，严重威胁到人民安全，凸显出这种风险挑战的严重性。作为动荡时期的香港特区行政长官，我亲身体会到中央政府贯彻“一国两制”方针的坚定意志，以及严格按照《中华人民共和国宪法》和《香港特别行政区基本法》处理问题的决心。我也有机会领略中国共产党对中国制度优势的强大自信和中央在涉港问题上的战略眼光。

Looking back, few would dispute that the fifth-term HKSAR Government which I led has experienced the most challenging years since the reunification. Hong Kong was hard hit by political radicalization, extensive social unrest and interference by external forces — the executive-led government was malfunctioning and even national security was at risk.  As the Chief Executive shouldering dual accountability to the HKSAR and the Central Government, I felt deeply of my heavy responsibility amidst huge pressure. The driving force backing me up in overcoming those challenges came from the earnest words of the Central Government that it would always provide staunch support to Hong Kong. In the process, I was inspired that we must uphold "One Country, Two Systems" as our fundamental guide, steadfastly resist populist demands, adopt a fighting spirit to tackle tough problems and continuously look for self-improvement to ensure lasting success. 

回首过去，我所领导的第五届特区政府无疑经历了香港回归以来最艰难的岁月。面对政治激进势力搅局，社会动荡四起和外部势力干预，香港遭受沉重冲击。行政主导的政治体制运作失常，甚至导致国家安全处于危险之中。作为时任香港特区行政长官，肩负双重责任。我既要对香港特别行政区负责，又要对中央政府负责。面对巨大的压力，我深感责任重大。支持我克服重重挑战的重要动力来自中央政府的殷切关怀。中央始终是香港发展的坚强后盾。在此期间，我感悟到必须坚持以“一国两制”基本方针为指导，坚决抵制民粹主义、以斗争精神攻坚克难、自强不息，从而取得持久胜利。

"One Country, Two Systems" is a pioneering concept that has no precedent to follow. Its application entails an evolving process especially when the world is changing fast. It is therefore imperative for us to improve the systems for implementing the policy as stated upfront in the relevant section of the 20th National Congress report. But what must remain at the core of such improvements is the Central Government's overall jurisdiction over Hong Kong — this is because Hong Kong is China's Hong Kong; it is a special administrative region authorized by the National People's Congress to exercise a high degree of autonomy to fulfill the concept's original intent of upholding national unity and territorial integrity and maintaining the prosperity and stability of Hong Kong. That is why in concluding my last annual Policy Address delivered in October 2021, I remarked that Hong Kong is back on the right track of "One Country, Two Systems", is much stronger than ever and is much better positioned to integrate into the overall development of the country. The 20th National Congress report has provided Hong Kong with unshaken confidence, clear directions and abundant opportunities. 

“一国两制”是前无古人的伟大创举，它需要在实践中不断对其加以完善，尤其是在世界瞬息万变的情况下。因此，我们必须充分领会完善“一国两制”制度体系在二十大报告中的相关精神。但制度体系完善的重要前提是中央政府对香港的全面管治权，因为香港是中国的香港，是全国人大授权的特别行政区，实行高度自治。“一国两制”的初衷在于切实维护国家统一和领土完整，维护香港繁荣稳定发展。正因如此，我在2021年10月的最后一份年度施政报告中表示，香港已回到“一国两制”的正确轨道。香港比以往任何时候都要强大而且更有条件融入国家的整体发展。二十大报告为香港提供了坚定的信心、明确的方向和丰富的机遇。

In the 20th National Congress report, the policy of "One Country, Two Systems" is hailed as a great innovation of socialism with Chinese characteristics; it has proven to be the best institutional arrangement for ensuring sustained prosperity and stability in Hong Kong and must be adhered to over the long term. Furthermore, in the revised CPC Constitution adopted at the 20th Congress, achieving the reunification of the motherland by fully, faithfully and resolutely implementing the policy of "One Country, Two Systems" is made a Party commitment. These unequivocal statements are a powerful reinforcement of similar messages from Xi in his address at the meeting celebrating the 25th anniversary of Hong Kong's return to the motherland and the inauguration ceremony of the sixth-term government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) on July 1, 2022: "the policy of One Country, Two Systems meets the fundamental interests of the country and the Chinese nation and those of Hong Kong and Macao. It enjoys the full support of the more than 1.4 billion people of the motherland, it has the unanimous endorsement of Hong Kong and Macao residents, and it is widely recognized by the international community. There is no reason to change such a good system, and it must be adhered to over the long run!"

二十大报告强调，“一国两制”被誉为中国特色社会主义的伟大创举。实践证明，这是香港保持长期繁荣稳定的最佳制度安排，必须长期坚持。此外，中共二十大通过的《中国共产党章程（修正案）》指出，通过全面准确、坚定不移贯彻“一国两制”的方针，实现祖国统一是党的承诺。这些都旗帜鲜明地呼应了2022年7月1日习近平主席在庆祝香港回归祖国25周年大会暨香港特别行政区第六届政府就职典礼上的讲话。“一国两制”符合国家、民族根本利益，符合香港、澳门根本利益，得到14亿多祖国人民鼎力支持，得到香港、澳门居民一致拥护，也得到国际社会普遍赞同。这样的好制度，没有任何理由改变，必须长期坚持。

Full and faithful implementation of the "One Country, Two Systems" policy presents immense opportunities for Hong Kong and these opportunities could be found in the missions and tasks of the CPC as China embarks on a new journey to realize the second centenary goal of national rejuvenation under a two-step strategic plan outlined in the 20th Party Congress report. Let me highlight a few.

全面准确贯彻“一国两制”方针能为香港带来重大机遇。这些机遇可以在中国共产党的使命任务中找到。中国已开启实现民族伟大复兴的第二个百年奋斗目标新征程。这包含在中共二十大报告中，（全面建成社会主义现代化强国）两步走战略里。接下来，我将列举一些机遇。

Pursuing high-quality development is a first and foremost task of China in the coming years. A high-quality economy requires a high-quality capital market. As a pre-eminent international financial centre with rich liquidity, diverse products and robust regulation, Hong Kong will continue to serve as the high quality and reliable capital market for the mainland, and its financial sector will continue to support development of China's real economy. This function has already been fully demonstrated through the various Connect Schemes between Hong Kong and the Mainland and the former's unchallenged status as the predominant offshore Renminbi hub.  Hong Kong has devoted much attention to green finance and FinTech in recent years and these measures would additionally serve the country's mission in pursuing green development and advancing technological application.

推动高质量发展是中国未来几年的首要任务。高质量发展的经济需要高质量的资本市场。作为流动性强、产品多样、监管健全的优质国际金融中心，香港将继续作为内地优质可靠的资本市场。香港金融业将继续支持中国实体经济发展。这一功能已通过香港与内地的多渠道互联互通得到充分体现。香港作为主要离岸人民币中心的地位不容挑战。近年来，香港高度重视绿色金融和金融科技发展，相关支持措施将进一步服务于中国的绿色发展战略和科技强国使命。

Invigorating China through science and education is another firm commitment, particularly in achieving self-reliance and innovation in science and technology. Hong Kong possesses strengths in innovation and technology which have been significantly boosted in recent years under an eight-pronged strategy to build infrastructure, enhance basic research, foster international cooperation, attract overseas talents, etc. Five of our publicly-funded universities are amongst the world's top 100 and in the latest research assessment exercise concluded in 2021, 70 percent of their research output have been judged as either world leading or internationally excellent. Two of our world-renowned universities already have a campus in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) and a third is in the pipeline. Talking about the Greater Bay Area, it is gratified to note that the 20th Congress report attaches importance to promoting coordinated regional development and Hong Kong will be assisted to integrate better into China's overall development through the Greater Bay Area.

科教兴国是中国将继续坚定不移实施的另一重大战略，特别是着力实现科技自立、自强和自主创新。香港在科技创新领域优势明显。近年来，（香港特区政府）循着八大政策方向推动创科发展，包括加强基础研究、促进国际合作、吸引海外人才等。香港五所公立大学跻身全球高校前100名。在2021年开展的研究水平评估，70%的香港高校学术研究成果被评为“世界领先”或“国际卓越”。香港两所世界知名大学已经在粤港澳大湾区设有校区，第三处校区正在筹建中。关于粤港澳大湾区，我很高兴看到二十大报告强调要促进区域协调发展，推进粤港澳大湾区建设，支持香港更好融入国家发展大局。

Deepening reform and opening-up is a commitment in the 20th Congress report. As we all know, a strategy to reform and opening-up has helped shape modern China and driven her economic growth. Throughout the past four decades, Hong Kong has leveraged its role as an important window and bridge connecting the mainland with the world and has made irreplaceable contribution to China's miraculous success. As China's doors open wider and wider, Hong Kong will enjoy continued opportunities on all fronts, giving full play to its unique status and strengths, including a free and open economy, a world-class business environment, the well-established legal system including the common law, extensive transportation links and its participation in bilateral and multilateral agreements as provided for under the Basic Law.

深化改革开放是二十大报告强调的一项重大原则。众所周知，改革开放是推进当代中国经济发展的国家战略。四十年来，香港是连接祖国内地同世界各地的重要窗口和桥梁，为中国的发展奇迹做出了不可替代的贡献。随着中国开放的大门越开越大，香港将继续在各方面享有机遇，充分发挥其独特的地位和优势，比如自由开放的经济，世界一流的营商环境，包括普通法在内的完善的法律体系，广泛的交通运输联系以及根据《基本法》规定参与双边和多边协定。

National rejuvenation calls for greater confidence in our culture, and a better presentation of Chinese culture which has over 5,000 years of civilization to our younger generation and to the outside world. With its unique status as an East-meets-West hub, Hong Kong is well placed to help promote Chinese culture to the outside world which has received central government's support under the 14th Five-Year Plan. Indeed, the mission of the Hong Kong Palace Museum which opened its doors to the public on July 3 this year is to help grow China's cultural soft power by presenting the fine traditional Chinese civilization to the outside world and facilitating international cultural exchanges.

坚定文化自信，助力民族复兴。5000多年中华文明沉淀下来的中华文化需要更好地呈现在年轻一代和世界面前。作为东西方文化的交汇地，香港完全有能力面向全世界推广中华文化，这也在“十四五”规划中得到了中央政府的支持。事实上，今年7月3日香港故宫文化博物馆向公众开放，旨在提高中国的文化软实力，通过对外展示中华优秀传统文化，促进国际文化交流，促进世界和平与发展。

Promoting world peace and development and building a human community with a shared future is China's commitment to the world in the foreign policy. As opposed to hegemonic and hypocritical acts of some foreign governments, our country has made admirable efforts to build a global network of partnerships and advocated and practiced true multilateralism since the 18th National Congress. The world is now facing unprecedented changes and peaceful reconciliation of differences and disputes are becoming more and more essential. Hong Kong with its well established and internationally recognized legal services can certainly play a useful role. This has already been fully demonstrated in the opening of the Asian-African Legal Consultative Organization (AALCO) Hong Kong Regional Arbitration Centre in May this year with the strong support of the Central People's Government and the arrangement on the establishment of the International Organization for Mediation Preparatory Office in Hong Kong signed between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the HKSAR Government in October. These two landmark developments show the tremendous support of our motherland in strengthening Hong Kong's unique status under "One Country, Two Systems" and a recognition of its contribution to the country's mission in playing an active part in the development of the global governance system that will benefit the human community.

中国致力于促进世界和平与发展，推动构建人类命运共同体。相对于部分外国政府的霸权主义和虚伪行径，十八大以来，中国一直在努力构建全球伙伴关系网络，倡导和践行真正的多边主义。当前，世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，和平解决分歧与争端的重要性日益凸显。香港凭借其完善的国际公认的法律服务，肯定可以发挥积极作用，这些已被充分证实。如亚洲-非洲法律协商组织香港区域仲裁中心在中央人民政府的大力支持下，于今年5月正式开幕。今年10月，外交部与香港特别行政区政府签署了《关于在香港特别行政区设立国际调解院筹备办公室的安排》。这两项具有里程碑意义的事件表明祖国大力支持香港在“一国两制”方针下发挥独特作用，也肯定了香港在国家积极参与全球治理体系建设，造福人类社会过程中作出的重要贡献。

All in all, the 20th Party Congress has given Hong Kong people, and business and investors alike, added confidence that the CPC will ensure the success of development on the mainland which practices the socialist system as well as the success of development in Hong Kong under the capitalist system. Hong Kong is an inalienable part of China; it is incumbent upon the people of Hong Kong to contribute to and rejoice at the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

总而言之，中共二十大给香港居民、企业和投资者注入了信心，使其相信中国共产党将坚定不移推动内地在社会主义制度下实现繁荣发展，推动香港在资本主义制度下实现繁荣发展。香港是中国不可分割的一部分，香港居民理应为中华民族的伟大复兴作出贡献，为中华民族伟大复兴而欢欣鼓舞。

Thank you.

谢谢。

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